Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, such as ChatGPT, are quickly transforming the way AI systems are built and deployed. While these technologies are expected to bring huge benefits, their disruptive nature raises policy questions around privacy, intellectual property rights, liability, and accountability. EU lawmakers need to strike a balance between fostering the deployment of these technologies and making sure adequate safeguards are in place. AI technologies can be divided into two broad categories: ‘artificial narrow intelligence’ (ANI) and ‘artificial general intelligence’ (AGI). ANI technologies are trained on well-labelled datasets to perform specific tasks, while AGI technologies are machines designed to think abstractly and adapt to new situations. Recent technological breakthroughs, such as the use of large language model (LLM) techniques, have drastically changed the potential of AGI technologies. These models are made accessible to developers through application programming interface (API) and open-source access, and are used today as infrastructure by many companies.
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