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This article examines the conditions that lead to the successful adoption of general-purpose technologies (GPT) by Australian-listed firms. Using a novel database on the adoption of cloud computing and artificial intelligence/machine learning, the article finds that the COVID-19 pandemic led to a short-lived surge in adoption of cloud computing technologies. It also finds that profitable adoption is more likely to occur in firms where the Board has members with relevant technological backgrounds, and that firms adopting GPT are more likely to seek staff with related skills. These findings highlight the importance of workers’ and managers’ skills in technology adoption, and the impact this can have on productivity growth.