Orbital Angular Momentum-mediated Machine Learning For High-accuracy Mode-feature Encoding

ChatGPT, a large-scale language model based on machine learning, has become extremely popular in 2023. It utilizes optical neural networks (ONNs) to achieve more efficient machine learning, using different physical dimensions of light such as space, wavelength, amplitude, and phase. A new ONNs architecture has been developed using OAM-mediated machine learning protocol, allowing for the use of orbital angular momentum (OAM) as signals for the nodes of the network.