This article discusses the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in ophthalmology, particularly in the areas of automated diagnosis, early detection of ocular diseases, and personalized treatment plans. It also highlights the challenges and ethical concerns that must be addressed for the safe deployment of AI in eye care. The Special Issue invites contributions on various topics related to AI applications in ophthalmology, such as anomaly detection in ophthalmic imaging, bias/fairness of AI models, and the use of diffusion/generative models.