Neural networks are a type of artificial intelligence that mimics the human brain by processing vast amounts of data to solve complex tasks. There are several types of neural networks, each designed to address specific types of problems and tasks, such as feedforward neural networks, convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, long short-term memory networks, and generative adversarial networks. These networks power many AI applications, from voice assistants to self-driving cars, revolutionizing technology with their remarkable ability to mimic our brains.