Semantic segmentation in computer vision is a rapidly advancing field that involves the process of dividing an image into meaningful parts and classifying each part into one of the predefined classes. This essay explores the significance, techniques, applications, challenges, and future prospects of semantic segmentation in the realm of computer vision. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been the cornerstone of this field, and semantic segmentation has found applications in numerous fields, such as autonomous vehicles, healthcare, and agriculture.