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Neurodegenerative disorders are caused by the accumulation of misfolded proteins in neurons and their surrounding glial cells. Neuroimaging studies have shown that specific brain regions become hyperactive in neurodegenerative diseases, reflecting a compensatory mechanism. Synaptic integrity is altered due to neurodegeneration, resulting in neural network oscillations with specific spatiotemporal spread pathways, leading to heterogeneous and progressive behavioral change. Behavioral disturbances are linked to abnormalities in localized brain regions that are anatomically connected, and are attributed to the basal ganglia, a group of subcortical nuclei tightly linked to movement disorders.
