Data storage has evolved from magnetic tape to disk storage to relational databases (RDBMS) to data warehouses (DW) to cloud-based data warehouses (CDW) to SNOW’s data warehouse 3.0, which separates storage and compute. Simultaneously, data lakes (DL) emerged to store unstructured data from various sources, but lack governance and optimization for querying and retrieval. As the demand for real-time data processing increases, SNOW could be at a disadvantage compared to newer players in the Modern Data Stack (MDS).