This article outlines the European Commission’s Science and Knowledge Service’s key requirements for a green and digital future for a successful twin transition in European Union science. It examines the role that digital technologies such as AI, IoT, 5G and blockchain can play in the European Union to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. The report also discusses how distributed ledger technologies can be used for material traceability, facilitating maintenance and helping to restore biodiversity, mitigate pollution and achieve climate neutrality.