In an era of technological innovation and climate change, artificial intelligence has emerged as both a valuable tool and a difficult challenge. OpenAI’s ChatGPT language model has sparked a technology arms race, with tech giants making enormous investments in building their own natural language processing systems. However, the quest for more intelligent machines is quickly running into a web of sustainability challenges, as AI has a fast-growing carbon footprint stemming from its voracious appetite for energy and the carbon costs of manufacturing the hardware it uses. Several factors contribute to the carbon footprint of AI systems throughout their life cycles, including large and complex models, energy-intensive hardware, and data center emissions.